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        <title>Pathology and Oncology Research | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.por-journal.com/journals/pathology-and-oncology-research</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Pathology and Oncology Research | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
        <generator>Frontiers Feed Generator,version:1</generator>
        <pubDate>2026-07-12T04:57:42.908+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612455</guid>
        <link>https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612455</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Frequency and clinicopathological features of somatic neoplasms arising in ovarian mature teratomas: a single-center experience]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-10T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Şenay Yıldırım</author><author>Gül Alkan Bülbül</author><author>Döndü Nergiz</author><author>Hülya Tosun Yıldırım</author><author>Arif Hakan Önder</author><author>Işın Üreyen</author>
        <description><![CDATA[ObjectiveSomatic neoplasms arising in mature teratomas (SN-MT) are rare clinical entities that pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This study aims to determine the frequency of SN-MT and evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics that distinguish these cases from uncomplicated mature teratomas (MT).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 500 cases of presumed ovarian mature teratomas evaluated at a single center between 2006 and 2021. After strict exclusion criteria, 385 patients were included. All histopathological slides underwent systematic pathological re-evaluation by expert pathologists. Clinical, radiological, and laboratory data were compared between the MT and SN-MT groups.ResultsThe overall incidence of somatic neoplasms (benign and malignant) was 3.1% (n = 12), with a malignant transformation rate of 2.07% (n = 8). The histological spectrum was highly heterogeneous and comprised both benign and malignant entities. Benign tumors identified in MTs included paraganglioma, choroid plexus papilloma, and adnexal tumor, whereas malignant tumors included squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, adult-type granulosa cell tumor, and mixed carcinoma. The SN-MT group exhibited significantly larger mean tumor diameters compared to the MT group (9.45 ± 4.22 cm vs. 6.67 ± 3.32 cm, p < 0.05). On gross examination, mixed solid–cystic architecture was a powerful predictor of neoplasia (83.3% in SN-MT vs. 22.3% in MT, p < 0.0001). Preoperative serum tumor markers (CA 125, CA 19-9, and CEA) showed no significant discriminatory value. False-negative findings on intraoperative frozen section analysis may be attributable to the focal distribution of these lesions.ConclusionSN-MT is a rare but histologically diverse condition. Large tumor size and the presence of solid components on macroscopic examination should raise suspicion of somatic transformation. Given the limitations of frozen section analysis and serum markers, rigorous macroscopic sampling and expert pathological examination remain the gold standard for diagnosis. While early-stage disease carries a favorable prognosis, the heterogeneity of subtypes necessitates individualized management.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2025.1612113</guid>
        <link>https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2025.1612113</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Evaluating an RNA-based test for proliferation assessment and recurrence prediction in early HR+/HER2− breast cancer]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Brief Research Report</category>
        <author>Marcus Vetter</author><author>Elena Diana Chiru</author><author>Anna Gasior</author><author>Joanna Gorniak</author><author>Sara Rollinson</author><author>Leanne Gough</author><author>Mathew Harrison</author><author>Martina Sonderegger-Stalder</author><author>Matthias Matter</author><author>Simone Muenst</author><author>Christian Kurzeder</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Multigene signatures like Oncotype DX and Prosigna Prediction Analysis of Microarray 50 (PAM50) help estimate distant recurrence risk in patients with luminal breast cancer receiving endocrine therapy. Determining the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy, tests are costly and not always supported through reimbursement. We aimed to assess the utility of the APIS Breast cancer subtyping kit (BCSK) and its proliferation score (PS), as a potential prognostic assay. We analysed 141 adult patients with early luminal HER2- breast cancer diagnosed between 2020 and 2022 at Cantonal Hospital Basel-Land and Basel University Hospital. All patients had a valid OncotypeDX® Recurrence Score (RS) and received at least one line of adjuvant therapy. Molecular subtype and PS were obtained using the APIS BCSK. We performed the Prosigna PAM50 risk of recurrence (ROR) test on a subset of 59 patients. Our findings showed high concordance at the single marker level (estrogen receptor -ESR1, progesterone receptor - PGR, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 - ERBB2 and marker of proliferation Ki-67 - MKI67), and between the BCSK and PAM50 subtype (overall percent agreement, OPA-71.2%). Notably, BCSK showed stronger agreement with immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based subtypes (OPA: 71.2%) than PAM50 with IHC (OPA: 54.2%). The BCSK PS correlated moderately with Prosigna PAM50 ROR (ρ = 0.4787) and more weakly with Oncotype DX RS (ρ = 0.4006). The correlation between ROR and RS was weak (ρ = 0.2255). In this preliminary comparison, the APIS BCSK and PS demonstrate promising potential as an initial molecular subtyping and risk stratification tool for breast cancer patients.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612376</guid>
        <link>https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612376</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Obesity from the perspective of the liver]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Miklós Csala</author><author>József Mandl</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Glucose is at the center of liver metabolism, and together with NADPH, it is an essential factor in hepatic regulation and adaptation to different metabolic states. The liver plays a fundamental role in the development of obesity. Excess food intake, particularly excess glucose, primarily burdens liver metabolism. The hepatocyte-specific glycogenoreticular system, a functional unit based on the tight interaction between glycogen particles and the ER, is central to the storage and distribution of glucose throughout the body. Additionally, the liver converts excess glucose into ketogenic molecules. The liver is the most important site for glucogenic to ketogenic conversion in the body. However, the escape route offered by unrestricted fatty acid synthesis and deposition takes its toll in the long run. An NADPH pool is also a pivotal connection among intermediary metabolism, redox homeostasis, and drug metabolism in hepatocytes. Preservation and recovery of excess glucose is a commitment, which presents a potential pitfall. Overfeeding can lead to pathological consequences by disrupting regulatory mechanisms. The fulfillment of metabolic goals by the liver plays a significant role in the development of various pathological conditions, such as fatty liver, obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612403</guid>
        <link>https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612403</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Efficacy and tolerability of scalp cooling in preventing alopecia during (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-06-26T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Dóra Sántha</author><author>Ágnes Dobi</author><author>Máté Iványi</author><author>Domonkos Válóczi</author><author>Zoltán Varga</author><author>Judit Oláh</author><author>Aliz Nikolényi</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundModern chemotherapies substantially improve survival rates in patients with breast cancer; however, its associated adverse effects can markedly diminish quality of life. Chemotherapy-induced alopecia is among the most common and distressing side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the PAXMAN® scalp cooling system in preventing chemotherapy-induced alopecia among women with breast cancer receiving (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy.MethodsWe conducted a prospective clinical study enrolling patients with early-stage breast cancer who received Orbis PAXMAN® scalp cooling during (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. The extent of alopecia was assessed at the discontinuation of scalp cooling using the CTCAE v5 scale. Patient characteristics—age, menopausal status, hair length, color, quality, and prior treatments (e.g., dyeing, perming), as well as skin type, eye color, comorbidities, alcohol consumption, smoking, and chemotherapy regimen—were recorded. Associations between patient-related factors and the severity of alopecia were analyzed. Patients evaluated pain, cold sensation, and overall tolerability of the cooling process using a visual analogue scale.ResultsFifty female patients were enrolled. The mean age was 52 years (range 31–77); 27 patients were premenopausal and 23 were postmenopausal. Forty-two patients received an anthracycline-based regimen, while eight received anthracycline-free chemotherapy. Treatment discontinuation occurred in 31 cases due to severe alopecia and in one case due to intolerable pain. Grade 1 alopecia was observed in 18 patients (36%). The cooling cap combined with a 60-min post-cooling period demonstrated a promising success rate among patients receiving anthracycline-free regimens (69%), whereas efficacy was less favorable in anthracycline-based protocols (37.5%). Among the examined patient characteristics, only the presence of comorbidities showed a significant association with the severity of alopecia (p = 0.028). Most patients found the scalp cooling system comfortable; the mean scalp pain score was 2.17 and the mean cold sensation score was 3.9 on the visual analogue scale.ConclusionThe Orbis PAXMAN® scalp cooling system is an effective and well-tolerated method for preventing chemotherapy-induced alopecia, particularly in patients receiving anthracycline-free regimens. The presence of comorbidities significantly increased the risk of severe alopecia. While this study confirms that the efficacy of scalp cooling is strongly influenced by the chemotherapy regimen, further research is warranted to optimize patient selection and improve outcomes, especially for those undergoing anthracycline-based therapies.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612318</guid>
        <link>https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612318</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Pediatric extranasal, EBV-negative, extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma; case report]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-06-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Case Report</category>
        <author>Rachel Gallant</author><author>Osman Khan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphomas (ENKTCL) are rare, aggressive neoplasms primarily occurring in adults of Asian or Native American descent. Most are associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and originate in the nasopharyngeal region. We present the case of a fulminant, disseminated, non-nasal, EBV negative, seemingly de novo ENKTCL in an infant who presented with a five-day history of progressive abdominal distention, respiratory distress, irritability, non-bilious emesis, right eye proptosis, and pallor. Initial labs revealed leukocytosis, anemia and thrombocytopenia. Computerized axial tomography revealed densities in the right optic nerve, superior orbits, thymus, posterior mediastinum, pericardium, myocardium, axillary lymph nodes, adrenal glands, kidneys and pancreas. The patient rapidly deteriorated, and despite extensive resuscitation, ultimately died. Autopsy revealed tumors in many organs, displaying vascular damage and tissue necrosis with lymphoid infiltration. The likely diagnosis of EBV-negative ENKTCL was confirmed after further histologic analysis. Pediatric ENKTCL is a particularly uncommon tumor, especially given our patient's very young age and EBV-negative status. Determining the best treatment regimen for these children is challenging due to limited data. Treatment typically consists of combination chemotherapy and radiation, but targeted therapies are being explored with promising results.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612380</guid>
        <link>https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612380</link>
        <title><![CDATA[B vitamins intake and cancer risk: a structured narrative review of evidence on riboflavin, pyridoxine, cobalamin and folate]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-06-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Alexander Bertuccioli</author><author>Chiara Maria Palazzi</author><author>Irene Asia Massaro</author><author>Massimiliano Cazzaniga</author><author>Ilaria Cavecchia</author><author>Maria Rosaria Matera</author><author>Valentina Biagioli</author><author>Luca Imperatori</author><author>Francesco Di Pierro</author><author>Annalisa Belli</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundB vitamins play key roles in one-carbon metabolism, DNA synthesis and methylation, and redox regulation. Their potential association with cancer risk remains debated due to heterogeneous findings and methodological limitations across studies.ObjectiveThis structured narrative review aimed to summarize and clinically contextualize the available evidence on the relationship between the intake of vitamins B2 (riboflavin), B6 (pyridoxine), B12 (cobalamin) and folate (vitamin B9) and the risk of selected cancers.MethodsA structured literature search was performed in PubMed up to 2 September 2025. Evidence was synthesized narratively, prioritizing meta-analyses (including dose–response meta-analyses) of observational studies, and including randomized controlled trials on B-vitamin supplementation when clinically relevant. Methodological quality and risk of bias were appraised narratively focusing on key domains such as exposure assessment, confounding, selection bias, and outcome assessment.ResultsMost evidence derives from observational studies assessing dietary intake and circulating biomarkers. Riboflavin and vitamin B6 intake were generally associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in several meta-analyses, including dose–response analyses. Vitamin B12 showed inconsistent associations across cancer sites, with concerns regarding confounding by diet and baseline nutritional status. Folate intake and folic acid supplementation showed mixed findings, with some evidence suggesting protective effects in specific populations, while randomized trials raised concerns about potential adverse effects in selected contexts and dosages. Overall, heterogeneity across studies was substantial, partly explained by differences in exposure definitions, baseline folate fortification policies, and co-interventions.ConclusionAvailable evidence suggests potentially protective associations for riboflavin and vitamin B6—particularly for colorectal cancer—whereas findings for vitamin B12 and folate remain inconsistent and context-dependent. Given relevant methodological limitations and potential biases, further well-designed prospective studies and targeted trials are needed to clarify dose, timing and population-specific effects of B vitamins on cancer risk.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612446</guid>
        <link>https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612446</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Multiple subcutaneous nodules as the primary presentation of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma: a case report and literature review]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-06-11T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Case Report</category>
        <author>Ying Li</author><author>Yanxia Cai</author><author>Xiaoyan Xu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) frequently involves the skin, typically presenting as rash or pruritus. However, AITL presenting primarily with multiple subcutaneous nodules is exceedingly rare and poses significant diagnostic challenges, often leading to misdiagnosis. We reported a 53-year-old man who presented with widespread subcutaneous nodules. He had a 1-month history of multiple painless subcutaneous nodules on the trunk and upper limbs. Physical examination revealed multiple firm nodules measuring 0.5–2 cm, accompanied by dark red plaques. Laboratory investigations showed mild anemia, elevated inflammatory markers, decreased IgA levels, and increased IgE levels. Imaging findings demonstrated generalized lymphadenopathy. Histopathological examination revealed effacement of the lymph node architecture with atypical lymphoid cells; immunohistochemistry was positive for CD3, CD4, PD-1, and EBER. A diagnosis of AITL of stage III was established. The patient achieved complete remission (CR) after 6 cycles of chidamide plus CHOP chemotherapy, with no evidence of recurrence at 6 months. This case broadens the recognized cutaneous spectrum of AITL and underscores the importance of considering lymphoma in the differential diagnosis of unexplained subcutaneous nodules.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612383</guid>
        <link>https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612383</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Connexin 43 enhances liver metastatic ability of GIST cells in vivo]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-06-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Takako Kihara</author><author>Jiayin Yuan</author><author>Takashi Yamasaki</author><author>Makoto Yoshida</author><author>Mizuka Ohkouchi</author><author>Yuka Nakaya-Hashikura</author><author>Neinei Kimura</author><author>Kanae Hyodo</author><author>Chisato Ohe</author><author>Seiichi Hirota</author>
        <description><![CDATA[ObjectiveSmall intestinal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (SI-GISTs) have a higher risk of distant metastasis and recurrence than gastric GISTs (G-GISTs). However, the underlying mechanisms contributing to the poor prognosis of SI-GISTs remain elusive. Previous research has demonstrated that SI-GISTs exhibit elevated expression of Connexin 43 (Cx43), a component of gap junctions, whereas G-GISTs exhibit minimal expression. The differential expression of Cx43 between G-GISTs and SI-GISTs may account for their distinct clinical behavior. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Cx43 on the liver metastatic potential of GIST cells, both in vivo and in vitro.MethodsTo elucidate the relationship between Cx43 expression and poor prognosis in SI-GISTs, we conducted a comparative analysis of original GIST-T1 cells, which express minimal levels of Cx43 and represent G-GISTs, and GIST-T1 cells engineered to express high levels of Cx43 through transfection with Cx43 cDNA (GIST-T1-Cx43 cells), representing SI-GISTs. This was achieved using a newly developed in vivo liver metastasis xenograft mouse model, and the results were corroborated by conventional in vitro experiments.ResultsIn GIST cells, Cx43 enhanced the liver metastatic potential in vivo (p = 0.010). In vitro, Cx43 suppressed cell proliferation (p < 0.001) while promoting migration (p < 0.001), invasion (p = 0.036), tumor-endothelial cell adhesion (p < 0.001), and transendothelial migration (p < 0.001).ConclusionElevated Cx43 expression may contribute to the poor prognosis of patients with SI-GISTs by enhancing their metastatic potential. Cx43 represents a potential novel therapeutic target for the inhibition of SI-GIST metastasis.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612389</guid>
        <link>https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612389</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Proof-of-principle 4-marker spatial profiling reveals distinct, location-independent immune clusters in biliary tract cancers]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-28T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Federico Rossari</author><author>Michele Sala</author><author>Margherita Rimini</author><author>Silvia Camera</author><author>Mara Persano</author><author>Giovanni Tonon</author><author>Chiara Bonini</author><author>Maria Giulia Cangi</author><author>Lorenza Pecciarini</author><author>Claudio Doglioni</author><author>Maurilio Ponzoni</author><author>Chiara Balestrieri</author><author>Federica Pedica</author><author>Andrea Casadei-Gardini</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are aggressive malignancies with limited treatment options. Despite advances with durvalumab plus chemotherapy, prognosis remains poor. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is increasingly recognized as a determinant of immunotherapy response, yet its spatial organization in BTC is poorly understood. We applied multiplex immunofluorescence to pre-treatment tumor samples from 11 patients with advanced BTC, staining for CD4, CD8, CD20, and CD163 to identify T cells, B cells, and macrophages. Across 198 regions of interest sampled at the invasive tumor margin, approximately 400,000 individual cells were segmented and phenotyped. Spatial organization was analyzed using hierarchical clustering, distance-based approaches, and cellular neighborhood classification. Unsupervised analysis identified two distinct immune phenotypes, one enriched in CD4+ T cells and CD163+ macrophages and the other in CD8+ T cells and CD20+ B cells. These phenotypes displayed distinct spatial architectures, with CD4+ T cells and CD20+ B cells acting as organizing hubs, respectively. Targeted sequencing, available for a subset of cases, showed a higher frequency of co-occurring TP53 and ARID1A alterations in the B-cell–enriched phenotype. No statistically significant differences in overall or progression-free survival were observed between immune phenotypes. However, among patients treated with adjuvant cisplatin/gemcitabine alone, lower CD20/CD8 fractions and higher CD163 abundance at baseline were associated with improved survival. Spatial immune profiling revealed distinct BTC immune architectures at the invasive margin, with different possible impact on survival, thus warranting further characterization and validation in larger cohorts.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612410</guid>
        <link>https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612410</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Genotyping of suspected partial hydatidiform moles – our experiences and future directions]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-25T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Brief Research Report</category>
        <author>Lajos Gergely</author><author>Vanda Repiska</author><author>Juraj Hutnik</author><author>Natalia Andova</author><author>Lubica Milosovicova</author><author>Miroslav Korbel</author><author>Liam McCullough</author><author>Alexandra Kristufkova</author><author>Ludovit Danihel</author><author>Helena Gbelcova</author><author>Petra Priscakova</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This brief research report summarizes our experience with the molecular differential diagnosis of clinically or pathologically suspected partial hydatidiform moles and discusses practical diagnostic options when economic resources or laboratory infrastructure are limited. We analyzed the genome composition of 68 suspected cases using short tandem repeat genotyping based on quantitative fluorescent PCR and fragmentation analysis. Genetic testing excluded a partial mole in 35 cases (51%) by demonstrating a diploid or monogynic monoandric diploid genome, while in 33 cases (49%) a partial mole was confirmed through identification of diandric triploidy (31 cases) or triandric tetraploidy (2 cases). No instances of digynic triploidy were detected in this cohort. Our findings indicate that, in the absence of access to a DNA laboratory, most suspected partial moles can still be accurately evaluated using ploidy assessment by more widely available methods, such as fluorescent in situ hybridization, DNA flow cytometry, or conventional karyotyping, given the apparent rarity of digynic triploidy among these cases.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612343</guid>
        <link>https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612343</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Prognostic impact of p53 and HER2 immunohistochemistry profiles in colorectal carcinoma]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Michal Grus</author><author>Hana Fišerová</author><author>Karolína Jelínková</author><author>Andrej Nikov</author><author>Radoslav Matěj</author><author>Petr Waldauf</author><author>Jan Hrudka</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant health issue worldwide, but represents biologically heterogeneous disease, necessitating improved characterization of molecular and immunophenotypic subgroups. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the prognostic significance and clinicopathological associations of p53 and HER2 expression in 290 surgically resected CRCs. Tissue microarrays from archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. p53 expression was categorized into wild-type, overexpression, and null patterns, while HER2 was scored according to College of American Pathologists criteria used for gastric carcinoma. Survival analyses were performed using Kaplan–Meier estimates, univariable and multivariable Cox regression, and restricted mean survival time, and immunohistochemical results were correlated with established clinicopathological and molecular features. Neither aberrant p53 expression nor HER2 positivity had a significant impact on 10-year overall survival. The p53 null phenotype showed a significantly increased relative risk of death within 5 years and a significant adverse effect in multivariable Cox regression of 5-year survival adjusted for age. Aberrant p53 expression was significantly associated with left-sided tumor location, mismatch repair proficiency, CK20 positivity, and MUC6 negativity, consistent with the chromosomal instability pathway of CRC. HER2 expression was infrequent and showed no prognostic relevance; however, HER2-positive tumors were significantly associated with CK7 expression, supporting an “extraintestinal” immunophenotypic profile reminiscent of right-sided or non-intestinal differentiation. In conclusion, while p53 and HER2 expression lacked independent prognostic value, their distinct associations with tumor phenotype underscore biologically relevant CRC subgroups.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612411</guid>
        <link>https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612411</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Delayed diagnostic imaging but stable treatment initiation for kidney cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: a Hungarian cohort study]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>László Rumi</author><author>Árpád Szántó</author><author>Dániel Bányai</author><author>Éva Szabó</author><author>Szabolcs Bellyei</author><author>Dóra Hubai</author><author>Balázs Takáts</author><author>Tamás Bodnár</author><author>János Girán</author><author>István Kiss</author><author>Árpád Boronkai</author><author>Éva Pozsgai</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Background/ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic influenced cancer care worldwide, delaying diagnosis and treatment. We compared waiting times — time to initial diagnostic imaging, time to treatment, time to histopathological diagnosis, and length of hospital stay — of kidney cancer patients between pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods at a large regional Hungarian clinical center. We also aimed to identify factors predicting prolonged waiting times.MethodsData from 400 adult kidney cancer patients (all histologically renal cell carcinoma) at the University of Pécs Urology Clinic were analyzed retrospectively, for two periods (1 January 2019–15 March 2020, pre-pandemic; 16 March 2020–13 May 2021, pandemic). Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected, and time intervals calculated from electronic health records, followed by statistical analyses.ResultsMedian time from symptom onset to initial diagnostic imaging increased significantly from 7.5 to 34 days during the pandemic (p = 0.026), while time to treatment (p = 0.492), time to histopathological diagnosis (p = 0.575), and length of hospital stay (p = 0.319) remained stable. Median healthcare-related waiting times (time to treatment and time to histopathological diagnosis) were comparatively long (range: 95.5–111 days). Advanced-stage disease (III–IV) was protective for prolonged time to initial diagnostic imaging (OR 0.205, 95% CI 0.074–0.568) pre-pandemic and for prolonged time to histopathological diagnosis (OR 0.496, 95% CI 0.254–0.971) during the pandemic. No other demographic or clinical factors influenced waiting times significantly.ConclusionThe pandemic prolonged the interval from symptom onset to initial diagnostic testing, likely due to fear-driven healthcare avoidance by patients, but did not affect healthcare-related waiting times. Advanced-stage disease predicted shorter waiting times, with variable influence across periods. Our findings highlight the need for patient education and careful prioritization of care, with waiting times exceeding those reported in other international settings.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612303</guid>
        <link>https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612303</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Magnetic resonance imaging based radiomics for predicting pathogenetic features and survival in rectal cancer]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Bertalan Toth</author><author>Marcell Mesterházi</author><author>Istvan Szabo</author><author>Tamas Mersich</author><author>Erika Toth</author><author>Janos Szoke</author><author>Andras Benczur</author><author>Csaba Kerepesi</author><author>David Laszlo Tarnoki</author><author>Adam Domonkos Tarnoki</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundPrediction of pathologic features and outcome in patients with rectal cancer is challenging as a result of lack of a significant biomarker and heterogeneity between and within tumors. This study aims to evaluate the potential of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-based radiomics in predicting key pathological features and long-term survival outcomes in patients.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on 510 rectal cancer patients treated between 2015 and 2019. The inclusion criteria required pre-therapeutic MRI performed on a Discovery MR750W 3.0T machine and known KRAS mutation status. Forty-seven patients met the criteria. MRI sequences included T1-weighted, T2-weighted fat-saturated (T2FS), high-resolution T2-weighted (T2HR), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Radiomic features were extracted using PyRadiomics, and machine learning models were developed using XGBoost and LightGBM classifiers. Feature selection was performed using Sequential Feature Selector (SFS) and Minimum Redundancy Feature Selection (mRMR).ResultsThe model for KRAS mutation status achieved an Area Under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.7475 (training) and 0.75 (testing). Lymph node invasion prediction had an AUC of 0.7892 (training) and 0.7984 (testing). Vascular invasion prediction yielded an AUC of 0.6989 (training) and 0.7143 (testing). The 5-year survival prediction model showed an AUC of 0.7848 (training) and 0.7750 (testing). Metastasis prediction achieved an AUC of 0.6627 (training) and 0.6857 (testing).ConclusionMRI-based radiomics demonstrates significant potential in predicting key pathological features and long-term survival outcomes in rectal cancer patients. Integrating multimodal imaging data and clinical information, along with automated segmentation techniques, could further enhance model accuracy and clinical utility.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612388</guid>
        <link>https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612388</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Case Report: The molecular profile of granular cell astrocytoma predicts aggressive clinical behavior, independent of morphology]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Case Report</category>
        <author>Melanie Jensen</author><author>Pranoy Das</author><author>Oliver Wroe-Wright</author><author>Oscar MacCormac</author><author>Francesco Marchi</author><author>Ali Elhag</author><author>Yasir A. Chowdhury</author><author>Ross Laxton</author><author>Rebecca Ellmers</author><author>Omar Al-Salihi</author><author>Keyoumars Ashkan</author><author>Ranjeev Bhangoo</author><author>Francesco Vergani</author><author>Istvan Bodi</author><author>Zita Reisz</author><author>Jose Pedro Lavrador</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundGranular cell astrocytoma (GCA) is a rare, morphologically distinct variant of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma that can appear deceptively low-grade yet behave aggressively. Its molecular features remain poorly defined, and no methylation-based classification has previously been reported.MethodsTwo GCAs diagnosed in our clinical neuropathology department were described with the integration of clinical, intraoperative, histopathological, and molecular data, including DNA methylation profiling, a targeted next-generation sequencing panel, and, in one case, whole genome sequencing (WGS).ResultsThe patients were aged 63 and 54 years old, respectively, both presenting with supratentorial tumors showing granular cell morphology. Case 1 showed a densely cellular tumor composed entirely of bland-appearing granular cells without a conventional astrocytic component. Case 2 showed low-grade granular cell areas transitioning into high-grade astrocytic regions with mitoses, microvascular proliferation, and necrosis. Despite these morphological differences, both cases matched the methylation class “Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype, mesenchymal subtype” and shared molecular features typical of glioblastoma, including chromosome +7/−10 and CDKN2A/B deletion. Both patients harbored oncogenic NF1 variants. WGS in Case 2 also revealed homozygous MTAP loss and chromoanasynthesis on chromosome 9. Case 1 received Stupp protocol chemoradiotherapy, recurred after 3 months of treatment, and died 11 months after diagnosis. Case 2 has progressed with a new posterior fossa lesion while on adjuvant temozolomide.ConclusionThese cases demonstrate that GCAs span a morphological spectrum yet molecularly correspond to the mesenchymal subtype of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. Integrated molecular testing is therefore essential for accurate diagnosis and for guiding clinical management, including consideration for potential clinical trial enrollment.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612302</guid>
        <link>https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612302</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Postpartum acquired hemophilia A: immunopathogenesis, diagnostic challenges, and treatment with the CyDRi protocol]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Ágnes Szappanos</author><author>Hajnalka Andrikovics</author><author>Péter Varga</author><author>Mónika Fekete</author><author>Vince Fazekas-Pongor</author><author>Márk Lehoczki</author><author>Viktória Király</author><author>Beáta Vilimi</author><author>Gábor Mikala</author><author>Imre Bodó</author><author>Andrea Ceglédi</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare, potentially life-threatening autoimmune bleeding disorder characterized by the development of inhibitory autoantibodies against factor VIII (FVIII). While most commonly diagnosed in the elderly, AHA can also occur in the postpartum period, where it presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic approaches, and current therapeutic strategies for postpartum AHA. We highlight the immunological shifts during pregnancy and the postpartum period that may contribute to the breakdown of immune tolerance and the emergence of FVIII autoantibodies. Key aspects of laboratory diagnosis are outlined, including the role of coagulation screening, mixing studies, and inhibitor assays. We compare the efficacy and safety of established immunosuppressive regimens, with a particular focus on the CyDRi protocol—a combination of cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone, and rituximab—which has demonstrated high rates of complete remission with a favorable toxicity profile. To illustrate clinical application, we describe a case of severe postpartum AHA managed successfully with the CyDRi protocol, followed by an uneventful subsequent pregnancy. With timely diagnosis and appropriately tailored immunosuppressive therapy, postpartum AHA can be effectively treated, and favorable hematologic and reproductive outcomes are achievable.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612328</guid>
        <link>https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612328</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Multimodal prehabilitation for upper gastrointestinal tumors: effects on postoperative morbidity and mortality – a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-28T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Systematic Review</category>
        <author>Csenge Papp</author><author>Armand Csontos</author><author>Daniel Kehl</author><author>Lili Dora Sindler</author><author>Andras Vereczkei</author><author>Andras Papp</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundPatients suffering from upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers often present with malnutrition and frailty before undergoing major surgical procedures, which significantly elevates the risk of postoperative complications. Prehabilitation focuses on optimizing a patient’s functional capacity before surgery to improve postoperative outcomes. Our goal was to synthesize the effects of prehabilitation on the postoperative outcomes of UGI cancer patients undergoing major surgical intervention using a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsA comprehensive systematic search was conducted across the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus databases to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Ten RCTs, encompassing data from 878 patients, were included in the analysis. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) were calculated for dichotomous variables (e.g., incidence of complications), and weighted mean differences were calculated for continuous variables using a random-effects model. Study quality was assessed using the RoB2 and GRADE approaches.ResultsThe meta-analysis showed a trend toward a lower incidence of minor postoperative complications (Clavien–Dindo Grade I–II) in the prehabilitation group. While the common effect model showed significance, the certainty of evidence remains low to very low for most outcomes, suggesting these results should be interpreted with caution. However, a significant reduction was found in Grade III complications when using a common effect model, although no significant differences were detected in Grade IV complications or mortality. Cardiovascular complications and hospital readmission rates also showed no significant disparity.ConclusionThe implementation of prehabilitation in UGI cancer patients is safe and shows a positive trend toward reducing minor postoperative complications, thereby enhancing patient comfort and potentially accelerating recovery time. While the certainty of evidence remains low, further high-quality RCTs with larger patient cohorts are warranted, especially to explore the role of multimodal prehabilitation.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612362</guid>
        <link>https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612362</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Surgical management of ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer in a 20-year period, a single-centre study]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-22T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>János Tajti</author><author>László Libor</author><author>Szabolcs Ábrahám</author><author>Zsolt Simonka</author><author>Anikó Maráz</author><author>Attila Paszt</author><author>Tamás Molnár</author><author>Judit Oláh</author><author>György Lázár</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionThe incidence of inflammatory bowel disease is on the rise. Inflammation that persists for years or decades may involve the risk of malignant transformation. Indeed, it is the cause of death in 15% of the UC patient population. Proctocolectomy followed by ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is the accepted surgical procedure.AimOur study objective was to retrospectively assess the occurrence and surgical treatment of UC-associated colorectal cancer cases in our institute and analyse survival data.Materials and methodsIn our department, 39 patients (12 female and 27 male patients) underwent surgery for UC-associated colorectal cancer between 1 January 2005 and 1 January 2025. Their mean age was 55 ± 13.4 years. Risk factors for the disease, examination results, types of surgery, perioperative and long-term surgical results, and survival measures were assessed retrospectively. The latter were determined using the Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsThirty-nine patients were diagnosed with UC at a mean age of 35.7 ± 16.7 years, and an average of 19.4 ± 12.3 years passed between the diagnosis of UC and the first surgical intervention. Regular endoscopies were performed in only 66% of our patients. Preoperative staging confirmed distant metastases in 12 patients (30.7%). Patients underwent 34 elective and 5 emergency surgeries. The mean follow-up duration was 40.2 ± 51.7 months. Only 7 patients (17.9%) had a T1 lesion. Lymph node involvement was confirmed in 17 cases (44.5%), whereas 12 patients (30.7%) showed dissemination. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered in 23 cases (58.9%), and follow-up was recommended for 13 patients (33.3%). During the study period, 17 of the 39 patients died. The mean survival after the surgical procedure was 98.6 months (8.2 years). Survival was significantly shorter in patients who had undergone emergency surgery, were active smokers, suffered from PSC, and lacked gastroenterological follow-up.ConclusionBased on our experience, it is especially important for UC patients to receive close gastroenterological follow-up in specialised centres and undergo regular colonoscopies and for staff to evaluate biopsy samples properly and perform the appropriate surgical procedures in due time, preferably proctocolectomy and creation of IPAA with a minimally invasive method.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612402</guid>
        <link>https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612402</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Case Report: Thigh anastomotic hemangioma]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Case Report</category>
        <author>Li Chen</author><author>Xia Gao</author><author>Qiang Zhang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Anastomotic hemangioma (AH) is a rare benign vascular tumor primarily occurring in the genitourinary tract; however, only two cases have been reported in the thigh. In this report, a 42-year-old female patient presented to the hospital for examination due to “a subcutaneous mass on the lateral aspect of the left thigh discovered 9 months ago, which has been gradually enlarging.” Subsequently, the lump was removed via local surgery. Histological examination reveals: At low magnification, the tumor was situated within the superficial subcutaneous fascia layer, presenting a loose lobular structure. Most of its margins were well - defined, while a small portion displayed expansile infiltrative changes. There were well - differentiated vascular lumens arranged in a communicating or anastomosing pattern, along with pseudopapillary structures. At high magnification, tumor cells were oval or short spindle - shaped, with vacuoles in the cytoplasm that contain red blood cells or homogeneously red - stained glassy globules. Moderate atypia was present, and mitotic activity was frequent, with hot spots averaging approximately 4/mm2. PCR-GNAQ mutation detection result: detected a missense mutation at codon 209 in exon 5 (c.627A>T, p. Q209H). Follow-up revealed tumor recurrence 10 months after surgery. Given the rarity of AH occurring on skin surfaces, coupled with the high proliferative activity observed in this case and its recurrence following excision, we report the diagnostic and therapeutic process along with the clinical and pathological features of this AH case. This aims to enhance the understanding of this disease among clinicians and pathologists.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612375</guid>
        <link>https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612375</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Novel MYH11::GLI3 fusion in ileal leiomyoma]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Brief Research Report</category>
        <author>Ioannis Panagopoulos</author><author>Ingvild Lobmaier</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundLeiomyomas of the gastrointestinal tract (GI) are benign smooth muscle neoplasms with limited genetic characterization. Molecular investigations may improve diagnostic classification and enhance understanding of their biological behavior.MethodsRNA sequencing using multiple fusion-detection algorithms was performed on an ileal leiomyoma. Key findings were validated by RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing.ResultsA MYH11::GLI3 fusion was identified. Additional chimeric transcripts were detected but interpreted as secondary events based on limited read support. The biological relevance of MYH11::GLI3 relates to smooth muscle specific MYH11 expression and GLI3-mediated Hedgehog signaling.ConclusionThis study reports, for the first time, the identification of a MYH11::GLI3 chimera in gastrointestinal leiomyoma, thereby expanding the molecular spectrum of these tumors. Deregulation of GLI3 may represent an alternative mechanism of Hedgehog pathway perturbation in this neoplasm. The frequency and clinical significance of GLI3-rearranged gastrointestinal smooth muscle tumors remain to be determined.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612408</guid>
        <link>https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2026.1612408</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Correction: Diagnostic performance of intracystic carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) versus glucose in differentiation of mucinous and non-mucinous pancreatic cysts]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-27T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Correction</category>
        <author>György Gyimesi</author><author>Bánk Keczer</author><author>Péter Rein</author><author>Miklós Horváth</author><author>Ákos Szűcs</author><author>Tamás Marjai</author><author>Attila Szijártó</author><author>István Hritz</author>
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